Direct Speech / Quoted Speech Indirect Speech / Reported Speech

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Direct Speech / Quoted Speech

Mengatakan apa kata seseorang disebut pidato langsung (terkadang disebut pidato dikutip)
Berikut apa seseorang mengatakan muncul dalam tanda kutip ("...") dan harus kata demi kata

For example:

She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."

Indirect Speech / Reported Speech

Pidato langsung (terkadang disebut pidato dilaporkan), tidak menggunakan tanda kutip untuk menyertakan apa yang orang katakan dan tidak harus kata demi kata.
Saat melaporkan pidato tegang biasanya berubah. Hal ini karena ketika kita menggunakan pidato dilaporkan, kita biasanya berbicara tentang waktu di masa lalu (karena sudah jelas orang yang berbicara awalnya berbicara di masa lalu). Kata kerja karena itu biasanya harus di masa lalu juga.

For example:

Direct speech	Indirect speech
"I'm going to school", he said.	He said that he was go to school

Tense change

As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense: (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right):

Direct speech		Indirect speech
Present simple She said, "It's hot."	›	Past simple She said it was hot.
Present continuous She said, " French language teaching."	›	Past continuous She said she was teaching french .
Direct speech	Indirect speech
"My name is Dila", she said.	She said her name was Dila. or She said her name is Dila.

 You can also use the present tense if you are talking about a future event

Direct speech (exact quote)	Indirect speech (not exact)
"Next week's lesson is on reported speech ", she said.	She said next week's lesson is on reported speech.

Time change

If the reported sentence contains an expression of time. You must change it to fit in with the time of reporting.

. For example we need to change words like here and yesterday if they have different meanings at the time and place of reporting.

Today	+ 24 hours - Indirect speech
"Today's lesson is on presentations."	She said yesterday's lesson was on presentations.

Expressions of time if reported on a different day
this (evening)	›	that (evening)
today	›	yesterday ...
these (days)	›	those (days)

Pronoun Change

In reported speech the pronoun often changes

For example :

Me	You
"I teach English online."	She said she teaches English online.

Reporting Verbs

Said, told and asked are the most common verbs used in indirect speech

We use asked to report question

For example : I asked lynne what time the lesson started

We use told with an object

For example : Lynne told me she felt tired.